We are an open access, non-profit, and continuous publication scientific journal that aims to promote the dissemination of national and international scientific knowledge applied to the disciplines that contribute to the development of Midwifery from a transdisciplinary perspective. For possible publication, Revista Matronería Actual will consider original and unpublished works related to: • Sexual and reproductive health of women and their partners • Neonatology • Public and community health • Basic science and humanities applied to midwifery • Education Including all articles that address ethical, epistemological, anthropological, and social aspects related to the midwifery profession. These can be: • Original articles (quantitative or qualitative) • Systematic review / Meta-analysis articles • Clinical cases • Reflection papers
CLINICAL SIMULATION IN THE TRAINING OF PROFESSIONALS ASSISTING PREGNANT WOMEN IN CHILDBIRTH: A SCOPING REVIEW
Objective: to explore the evidence currently available regarding the clinical simulation used to develop assistance skills of the pregnant women in childbirth. Methodology: a scoping review was carried put with the methodology of the “Joanna Briggs Institute” group, through a search in Pubmed, Science Direct, Lilacs and Scielo. Among the inclusion criteria are documents published in the last 10 years, descriptive, analytical, experimental, quantitative studies and qualitative evidence, articles published in the Spanish and English language and that are in full text. Results: forty-one investigations were included in the review, where most were quantitative studies (90%). The results measured were satisfaction and self-confidence, perceived skills, technical skills, scenario validation, comparison between low versus high fidelity mannequins, respectful maternal care, and patient outcomes. Post-simulation improvement was seen in all the dimensions studied. Conclusions: Clinical simulation complements learning in obstetrics, strengthening different abilities or skills, improving care; however, there are associated limitations that must be analyzed by institutions to improve this type of methodologies.
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DIÁSTASIS DE LOS MÚSCULOS RECTOS ABDOMINALES Y LA SEXUALIDAD EN LAS MUJERES EN EL POSPARTO.
Introduction: During pregnancy, the rectus abdominis muscles separate, called abdominal diastasis. Objective: Relate diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) along with female sexual functioning in the postpartum. Material and Method: Cross-sectional correlational study, in a sample of 99 control women in the province of Arauco. A questionnaire was designed to collect demographic and obstetric data, the technique of palpation of the user's rectus abdominis muscles was performed. Finally, the IFSF survey was applied. Results: The measurement of the supraumbilical and umbilical diastasis was 1.9 cm and the infraumbilical level was 1.63 cm. With respect to sexual functioning, the satisfaction domain stands out with a 5.3 and is followed by lubrication with 4.9. The IFSF score was 27.5. When relating abdominal diastasis to female sexual functioning, a statistically significant relationship was found between pain and the measurement of diastasis and sexual satisfaction. Conclusions: During the postpartum period, the detection of DRA through palpation is an excellent low-cost modality that can be implemented. In addition, evaluating sexual functioning during these controls will allow users to be educated early.
PROLONGED USE OF ANTIBIOTIC IN PREVENTION OF INTRA-AMNIOTIC INFECTIONS IN PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES.
Objective: analyze the prolonged use of antibiotics in the prevention of intra-amniotic infections (IAI) in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Material and methods: a review of articles, clinical trials, and books. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies were selected. Results: antibiotics are widely administered in obstetrics, essential for treating and preventing infections. PPROM occurs as a cause or consequence of IAI due to various pathogens. The benefits of antibiotic use in PPROM include the prevention of IAI, prolongation of the latency period, and reduction of neonatal morbidity. However, consequences such as increased antimicrobial resistance and dysbiosis in both mother and fetus have been observed, so careful antibiotic selection is crucial. The current recommendation is a combination of ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, and metronidazole, showing an increase in the latency period, reduction in chorioamnionitis, adverse neonatal outcomes, and safety for the mother and fetus. Conclusions: the administration of antibiotics should be rationalized: the evidence shows that while there are benefits to their use in PPROM, risks such as antimicrobial resistance, a major public health issue, cannot be overlooked. Actions should be individualized. This becomes relevant in midwifery to formulate evidence-based clinical standards on antibiotic use in obstetric patients.
Study case: Innovating the English learning process in a health program in Chile
Objective: the objective of this study was to analyze the impact of implementing Project-Based Learning (PBL) methodology as a way of innovation in teaching the curriculum content of the English course for MT students. Materials and Method: in order to develop this study, various educational resources were designed between TM and the Early Childhood Education (ECE) Program, where the ABPr methodology was applied. Additionally, through a survey of student perceptions, other expected outcomes of this implementation were identified. Results: the evaluation of the developed projects demonstrated a positive impact on the learning process of the curriculum content in the English course for MT students. Furthermore, other effects of implementing PBL were identified, such as creativity, cooperative work among MT students, self-efficacy, and collaborative and interdisciplinary work with ECE students. Conclusions: the analysis of the results reflects that implementing PBL contributes to innovation in teaching English in higher education and further confirms the usefulness of this approach as a valuable tool in curricular innovation processes.
ADENOMYOSIS: BEYOND PELVIC PAIN. WHAT OTHER FACTORS SHOULD WE CONSIDER?
Adenomyosis is a gynecological condition characterized by symptoms such as pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility, which significantly impact women’s health. This article aims to present a review of the existing literature focused on its etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, imaging diagnostic tools, and therapeutic options, to provide updated information for a better understanding of this disease. The definitive diagnosis is based on histological studies, but imaging techniques such as transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have led to significant advances in its detection. Regarding its etiopathogenesis, two main theories exist: endometrial invagination and metaplasia of embryonic remnants. Therapeutic approaches range from conservative medical treatments, such as the use of hormonal intrauterine devices, to surgical interventions, such as hysterectomy. Clinically, adenomyosis negatively affects fertility and increases obstetric risks, highlighting the need for comprehensive and specialized management.
MIDWIFERY CARE FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS IN PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL ACCESS
The analysis was through the review of a clinical history, which describes an extremely premature newborn, who was born by emergency cesarean section due to placental abruption and fetal bradycardia, resulting in a male neonate receiving advanced resuscitation maneuvers. Due to his extreme prematurity, he presented complications requiring strict and periodic monitoring of all his systems. The premature infant presented vasospasm in the lower extremity as a complication of peripheral arterial access, then ischemia and subsequent necrosis, losing all of the toes of the extremity. As evidenced by the literature, peripheral arterial accesses are useful in critically ill patients who require serial examination samples. This is a safe procedure, which requires the necessary experience and knowledge to perform it, requiring knowing what measures to take promptly to avoid complications and permanent consequences. The lack of surveillance could be the main reason for this permanent sequel, which demonstrates the importance of continuous training of staff and preparation of professionals, constant supervision of procedures, maintaining systematically updated protocols and incorporation of new technologies, as well as also maintain humanized care and an empathetic relationship with parents.
EFFECTS ON BREASTFEEDING IN BREAST AUGMENTATION AND REDUCTION SURGERIES
Introduction: breastfeeding provides benefits for both the infant and the mother, making it essential to establish appropriate conditions and address factors that hinder its practice and continuation. Objective: determine the effects on the production, duration, and complications of exclusive and mixed breastfeeding in women after breast augmentation or reduction surgery. Material and method: systematic review from the year 2000 to 2023 in PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Lilacs, and Google Scholar, selecting 43 articles. The key terms MeSH, DeCS, and free terms were: mammaplasty, breastfeeding, breast surgery, augmentation mammaplasty and breast reduction, combined using boolean operators. Results: breast reduction and augmentation surgeries can affect breastfeeding. Breast reduction surgery has a more negative impact, with highlights such as hypogalactia and hypoesthesia of the areola-nipple complex. In contrast, augmentation surgeries are associated with breast engorgement, pain, mastitis, and galactocele. Factors such as the surgical technique, type of incision, and position of the breast implant influence these outcomes. Conclusions: breast surgeries are compatible with breastfeeding; however, they are associated with a shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding, depending on the type of surgical technique chosen. The education that midwifery can provide is essential for decision making.
SATISFACTION OF OBSTETRICS STUDENTS REGARDING ADAPTATION OF THE PATHOLOGICAL NEONATOLOGY SUBJECT TO E-LEARNING FORMAT IN A PANDEMIC
Objective: to analyze the satisfaction of obstetrics students with the adaptation of the pathological neonatology course to e-learning format. Material and method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 201 third year Obstetrics students of the 2020 and 2021 cohorts. Classroom and Blackboard platforms were used for the adaptation to e-learning format. Student satisfaction was measured with an instrument adapted and validated by experts. Results: 90.1% of the students evaluated positively the category "the adaptation of the course to the e-learning format included useful teaching strategies to understand the course concepts", 91% evaluated positively the category "I felt part of a learning community in this course", 98% evaluated positively the category "the Classroom platform tools could be effective as a support for face-to-face classes in the future". Conclusions: the adaptation of the Pathological Neonatology course to an e-learning format was positively received by students, who demonstrated a high level of satisfaction across various dimensions assessed in the evaluation instrument. Students consider that the tools provided by the Classroom platform could effectively complement in-person classes in the future.
PERCEPTION OF EDUCATION IN BLENDED LEARNING MODE IN STUDENTS OF THE OBSTETRICS DEGREE AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY
Education in Chile and around the world was affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic. As COVID cases decreased, classes began to be conducted in a semi-presential or blended learning format. This pilot study was validated by the scientific ethics committee of the University of San Sebastián and aimed to gather information about students' perceptions of blended learning and its potential benefits. It was a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study in which a validated survey on students' perceptions of blended learning was administered to undergraduate students in the Obstetrics program at the University of San Sebastián, Concepción campus. Upon obtaining the results, it was identified that in the academic realm, students mostly indicated that they were able to learn the content in their various subjects and that their performance was good, positively impacting their professional development. According to their perception, the audiovisual materials provided by the teachers and used by them were optimal for their learning. Students agreed that there was collaboration from the teachers in their teaching-learning process, although they were dissatisfied with the individualized communication between teacher and student. Finally, the surveyed students perceived that the peer-to-peer relationship was deficient.
IMPEDIMENTS TO THE PROFESSIONAL ROLE OF THE MIDWIFE IN FOSTERING SECURE ATTACHMENT BONDING
The human system of attachment, understood as the way we seek to establish close, safe and significant relationships throughout life; it’s an inherent, neurobiological and natural process to all individuals. Depending on life experiences, since gestation, birth, the neonatal period and the rest of childhood, all human beings develop a predominant pattern of attachment, which can be secure or insecure in any of their subtypes. It is known with ample evidence that a secure pattern of attachment is closely related with psycho-emotional characteristics that provide welfare to the individual throughout the different stages of their life, and which help build secure bonds as a base for their early development, as well as their adulthood. In this context, the midwives care received by the binomial can significantly impact the moulding of a secure bond and pattern. Therefore this article’s objective is to reflect about the impediments that may be found in the professional rol of midwives to encourage the development of secure attachment patterns, from a place of professional sensitization, a deeper understanding of the subject, and the context of clinical conditions; as well as simultaneously contribute recommendations that may be considered for the improvement of those difficulties.
KNOWLEDGE OF DELIVERY ROOM MIDWIVES ON THE CARE OF NEURODIVERGENT INDIVIDUALS IN CHILE
Currently in Chile, neurodivergent people have begun to be more visible and integrated into society; they need different levels of support in a comprehensive way, free of stigmas and judgments. Objective: to describe the knowledge of midwifery professionals in the areas of childbirth in Chile, for the comprehensive care of neurodivergent persons. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study based on midwifery and immediate care personnel with a pilot size of 29, collecting information through a survey conducted between January and June 2024. Results: there was evidence of a deficit in the preparation of the infrastructure, with 44.8% considering it "poor" and 31% "fair". Regarding the knowledge of care for neurodivergent persons focused on gynecology-obstetrics, according to the responses, 65.5% of the midwifery professionals strongly agreed that the facility in which they work should provide training in the care of neurodivergent persons, while 31.03% agreed and 3.45% were indifferent, emphasizing that none of the respondents disagreed. Conclusion: the professional midwives of childbirth and/or neonatology consider that they have insufficient knowledge and training for the integral care of neurodivergent persons, highlighting the lack of inclusion in gynecological-obstetric spaces. The lack of knowledge can generate hostile environments, infringing on humanized and respected childbirth. However, the staff is willing to receive training to improve their care with a neurodivergent approach.
MIDWIFERY TEACHER TRAINING: CRITICAL INCIDENTS ANALYSIS FOR REFLECTIVE PRACTICE
Currently, the Chilean university environment is increasingly challenging and changing, which means for midwifery teachers to face many critical incidents in classrooms and clinical fields. Critical incidents are recognized as reflective methodological devices that interrelate the teacher's knowing, doing and feeling for a new identity version of him/herself. For this reason, the teaching staff must not only have experience and knowledge of the discipline but must also possess reflective competencies that intervene in the management of complex classroom contingencies in educational scenarios. This requires social stimuli that transforms contextual and pedagogical aspects of teaching through reflection. This article is a critical reflection that advocates the need to provide structural training in midwifery professionals based on the analysis of critical incidents, which allows significant and lasting changes in the teaching profession. Therefore, universities should promote reflective participatory spaces and the development of protocols of conduct oriented to good educational practices, to ensure the academic integrity of our future peers and to focus on teacher training as an integral model of professional practice.
SEXUALITY IN NEURODIVERGENT PEOPLE: AN INVISIBLE TOPIC
Objective: to identify the perceptions that neurodivergent people have about sexuality and the sexual health care they receive. Method: a mixed exploratory-descriptive study, with a pilot sample of 36 adult participants identified as neurodivergent. A self-constructed survey was applied with sociodemographic data and data on perceptions in relation to sexuality. Descriptive and content analyses were performed. Results: age 26.8 +/- 7.1 years, 33.33% identified themselves as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder only, 77.78% identify as cis women and 50% are heterosexual. Regarding health care, 30.6% have experienced some form of discrimination, 63.9% consider that sexuality in the community is stigmatized. The narratives reflected difficulties in sexuality in areas such as communication and the interpretation of non-verbal language. In addition, they expressed the importance of more personalized and inclusive sexual health care that takes into account their specific needs. Conclusion: neurodivergent people have difficulty experiencing their sexuality, talking about this topic, and perceiving inclusive health care.
TRAINING OF SCHOOL TEACHERS ON COMPREHENSIVE SEXUAL EDUCATION
Comprehensive sexual education plays an important role in promoting sexual health in children and adolescents. The objective was to identify characteristics of the training of school teachers on comprehensive sexual education. A descriptive quantitative method was used, a pilot convenience sample of 34 school teachers residing in the Metropolitan Region was selected. The data was collected through a self-reported survey of our own construction during the first half of 2024. The data analysis was presented in tables as frequencies and percentages. As a result, the sample had an age range of 27 to 67 years, 52.9% reported having received comprehensive sexual education only in basic education and 41.2% only in secondary education. The preferred teaching methodology with 64.7% is group discussion and conversation. Regarding myths, 94.1% disagree that teaching how to put on condoms and use contraceptive methods encourages early initiation of sexual activity, and 97.1% disagree that providing anatomy information should be done separately for boys and girls. On the other hand, 94.12% agree that it should be integrated into the different educational levels and 88.24% that educating about sexual diversity promotes respect and reduces bullying. In conclusion, the persistence of gaps that exist in educational standards around sexual education and evidence of the need to unify these learnings continue to be barriers to be addressed with teacher training on the subject and clear guidelines through intersectoral work.
PROFESSIONAL AUTONOMY IN MIDWIFERY: REFLECTIONS AND EXPERIENCES
This article examines midwives' Professional Autonomy (PA) in hospital settings based on shared reflections within the Comunidad de Matronas (CM), composed of colleagues from Argentina, Chile, Spain, England, Peru, and Uruguay. Gibbs' Reflective Cycle was used to systematise professional practice experiences in different geopolitical and cultural contexts, divided into Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion, and Action Plan. Findings reveal disparities in care models, even within the same country. Biomedical hegemony restricts midwives' PA, causing frustration and burnout. Additionally, gender inequality contributes to the profession’s subordination within health systems. However, midwives develop resistance strategies to regain their autonomy. Conclusion: strengthening PA requires continuous education, global networks, and public policies that ensure the autonomous practice of midwifery. The exchange within the MC has been key to identifying strategies that promote professional autonomy in different countries.
PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND SEXUAL FUNCTION IN WOMEN: SCOPING REVIEW
Introduction: pelvic floor dysfunction as a problem affects women in the urinary, digestive and sexual spheres, as well as in the psychological sphere and social life. Objective: Determine the impact of pelvic soil dysfunctions on the quality of life and sexual function in women during 2013-2023. Methodology: The study used a documentary analysis of qualitative, retrospective type, Scoping Review modality. Results: The review revealed that women with pelvic soil dysfunctions experience a negative impact on their physical and emotional well -being, being urinary incontinence and the prolapse of pelvic organs dysfunctions that most affect the quality of life. Fecal incontinence, although less reported, has a negative impact. In that sense, it is concluded that pelvic soil dysfunctions negatively influence biopsychosocial health, deteriorating both the quality of life and sexual function and interpersonal relationships. In addition, it is evident that the impact on sexual function is particularly notable, affecting the desire, excitement and the ability to achieve orgasm, in addition to generating sexual avoidance and trigger. Conclusions: pelvic floor dysfunctions are a biopsychosocial health problem, not comprehensive.
PROPOSAL FOR THE PREVENTION OF ADVERSE EVENTS IN GASTROSTOMY FOR ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Objective: To develop a comprehensive proposal for the prevention of adverse events in patients with gastrostomy due to esophageal atresia, aiming to improve the quality of midwifery care for neonatal surgical patients. Methodology: Information was collected from neonatal medical records through systematic and controlled observation, ensuring patient and family anonymity. Additionally, a review of current scientific evidence was conducted to establish strategies and recommendations for gastrostomy care in neonates. Results: A lack of standardization in midwifery care for neonates with gastrostomy due to esophageal atresia was identified, which may increase the risk of adverse events. The literature review suggests that implementing bundles (sets of standardized interventions) enhances patient safety, reduces complications, and optimizes the quality of care. Their application would help structure care more effectively, reduce variability in clinical practices, and strengthen the role of midwives in managing these patients. Conclusions: The role of midwives is essential in providing comprehensive and high-quality care for neonates with gastrostomy due to esophageal atresia. The incorporation of bundles has proven to be an effective strategy in reducing adverse events and standardizing care, benefiting both the patient and their family.
MIDWIVES' EXPERIENCES IN A FEMALE-DOMINATED CAREER IN CHILE: STEREOTYPES AND PERCEIVED BARRIERS
Certain professional careers have been assigned as "appropriate" for each gender according to their roles within society, encouraging women to develop a "caregiver" role or their "maternal instinct" and men to explore their "mathematical and rational abilities." Objective: this study is to describe the experience of men in the healthcare field in their integration into careers considered feminized. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 38 midwives. A self-developed self-report survey was administered. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: 44.74% reported greater clinical difficulties; 47.37% did not feel judged because of their gender. Qualitative responses revealed experiences of discrimination, uncomfortable situations with patients or colleagues, and positive vocational stories. Conclusion: the findings show that although men in midwifery may face tensions related to social expectations and gender stigma, they also have the opportunity to redefine and enrich care practices. Further research is recommended to promote gender equity in higher education and the workforce to recognize the diversity of gender identities.
USE OF VASHE IN TERM AND PRETERM NEONATES: A CRITICAL REVIEW WITH AN ETHICAL FOCUS
Introduction: skin care in term and preterm neonates is essential due to the immaturity of their skin barrier. VASHE, a hypochlorous acid solution, has been used for its antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. This critical review examines the available evidence on its use in neonates, comparing it with the crusting technique for diaper dermatitis management, and explores the associated ethical implications. Methods: a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS, covering publications from 2010 to October 2023, in English and Spanish. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines addressing the use of VASHE or crusting in neonates were included. The PRISMA methodology was applied for article selection. Results: a total of 58 articles were identified, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The evidence on VASHE use in neonates is limited, with no specific clinical trials available. The crusting technique has stronger clinical support. No studies were found that deeply explored the ethical aspects of VASHE use. Conclusions: VASHE is considered experimental in neonates. It is recommended to prioritize validated treatments such as crusting and to encourage ethical and clinical research on emerging therapies.
RISK FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE TO A POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW YEAR 2023
Introduction: pregnancy can trigger mental health issues, with Postpartum Depression (PPD) being one of the most common and underdiagnosed complications. PPD affects not only the mother but also her family and work environment, with symptoms such as sadness, irritability, and, in severe cases, suicidal thoughts. Its diagnosis is complex due to the lack of early detection and social stigma. Objective: to identify the risk factors predisposing to PPD, covering biological, psychosocial, environmental, and medical aspects. Materials and Methods: a qualitative systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies published between 2000 and 2023 were searched, with 25 articles selected from a total of 693 reviewed publications. Results: the main risk factors identified include lack of partner support, history of mental health issues, low socioeconomic status, complications during childbirth, and history of violence. Discussion and conclusions: the findings highlight the need to implement preventive interventions and early psychosocial support to address PPD and reduce its long-term effects. PPD requires proactive medical and social attention to improve the quality of life of affected women and their families.
PERCEPTION OF FEMALE ACADEMICS ON MEN'S INVOLVEMENT IN CHILD-REARING DURING THE PANDEMIC
The present study explores academics' perceptions of men's participation in raising children during the pandemic. Working women face discrimination at work, lack of recognition of rights, limited autonomy in raising their children, and double working hours between work and home, in contrast to men. Although there are national and international efforts for equality, gaps persist that limit their autonomy and access to better working conditions and opportunities. Qualitative study was developed using a phenomenological, exploratory approach. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight academics, and the information was analyzed through narrative content analysis. Although the participants acknowledge having grown up in a traditional family model, many of them have implicitly reproduced this dynamic in their own homes. The pandemic made it possible to make the differences in care roles more clearly visible, showing that the main responsibility continues to fall on women. In conclusion, growing up in nuclear families reinforces learned gender roles. During the pandemic, many women took on more tasks, increasing their stress and evidencing inequalities, since parenthood continues to be seen as support.
RN WITH TRISOMY 18, HOSPITALIZED: MIDWIFERY CARE FOCUSED ON IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE
A clinical case of a patient hospitalized in a Neonatal Critical Care Unit, 37 weeks gestational age, with prenatal diagnoses of trisomy 18, observation Tetralogy of Fallot, is presented. According to published statistics, trisomy 18 would produce multiple organ failure, causing the death of the patient in the majority of cases, which is why these neonates should receive palliative treatment, and also provide their family with peace of mind to face this scenario. Their in-hospital care includes various specialists who, together with the team of neonatal clinical midwives, directly influence their quality of life. The humanization of procedures in neonatology should be a process that encompasses biological, psychological, and social aspects and that manages actions applicable to the local hospital reality. The importance of the interactions of parents, family and NB for the attachment and well-being of the family group is intended to be our objective. Which will encourage improvements that involve parents in hospitalization. This thesis proposes as an improvement plan to protocolize the visits of patients with a poor prognosis and thus, based on family-centered care, generate benefits for the neonate and its core
EFFECTS OF TAMOXIFEN TREATMENT ON SEXUAL FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER: SCOPING REVIEW
Introduction: women undergoing treatment with tamoxifen for breast cancer may experience alterations in sexual function, including dysfunctions in desire, arousal, lubrication, and sexual satisfaction, which in turn significantly affect their quality of life. Objective: to determine the effect of tamoxifen treatment on the sexual function of women with breast cancer during the period 2013–2023. Methodology: the study employed a qualitative, retrospective documentary analysis in the form of a scoping review. Results: this review revealed that women undergoing tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer experience various forms of sexual dysfunction, including female sexual interest/arousal disorder, genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, and female orgasmic disorder. Furthermore, it was observed that women receiving both chemotherapy and tamoxifen exhibited a greater negative effect on sexual function compared to those treated with tamoxifen alone. Conclusion: women undergoing chemotherapy or ovarian function suppression in combination with tamoxifen experience a greater negative effect on sexual function compared to those receiving tamoxifen monotherapy.
HUMAN MILK AND THE PREVENTION OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN HIGH DONATED -RISK PREMATURE INFANTS: A SCOPING REVIEW (2013-2023)
Objective: to analyze scientific evidence published between 2013 and 2023 on the use of donor human milk (DHM) in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in high-risk premature neonates, identifying benefits, mechanisms of action, and limitations. (Adapted from ) Methodology: a scoping review of studies published in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Clinical trials, cohort studies, and other observational designs evaluating the impact of DHM on reducing NEC and other associated complications in premature infants were examined. Study selection followed the PRISMA methodology. (Adapted from ) Results: thirteen studies were included. Evidence indicates that DHM use significantly decreases NEC incidence compared to formula feeding, promoting more favorable intestinal development and strengthening the neonatal immune system. Prematurity and formula feeding are consistent risk factors for NEC. Holder pasteurization, while reducing some bioactive components, is crucial for microbiological safety. (Adapted from ) Conclusions: DHM is an effective strategy to reduce NEC incidence in high-risk premature neonates. Promoting its use and optimizing milk bank processes to maximize its benefits is essential. Further research is needed to address logistical challenges and optimize its clinical application.
PERCEPTION OF OLDER ADULTS ABOUT THEIR SEXUALITY: PROFESSIONAL ROLE OF MIDWIVES
Objective: to describe the perception of older adults regarding their sexuality and how they experience it, as well as to determine the educational role that the midwife should assume and to propose pertinent actions based on the findings obtained. Materials and methods: a descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with participants from the Older Adults Centers of Independencia and San Miguel. Content analysis was used for data processing. Results: a total of twelve interviews were conducted. Most older adults reported maintaining strong friendships; many expressed being affected by the physical changes experienced with aging, although they also indicated acceptance of these changes. In general, older adults associated the concept of sexuality primarily with sexual activity itself. Regarding sexual desire, an equal number of participants mentioned that their sexual desire had not diminished, while others reported a decrease or even an absence of desire with aging. Sexual activity was more frequent among those with a partner compared to single individuals. Predominantly, older adults expressed dissatisfaction with the sexual health care provided by health personnel. Conclusion: sexual desire and sexual activity persist in older age. It is crucial to normalize the sexuality of older adults within society. Older Adults Centers represent strategic spaces to promote sexual education and to provide responses to their concerns.
ACTIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES IN OBSTETRICS STUDENTS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: SCOPING REVIEW
General objective: explore the available evidence in databases on active learning methodologies used with midwifery students and other students between the years 2020 and 2024. Methodology: scoping review using the 'Joanna Briggs Institute' methodology, in databases such as LILACS, SciELO, PUBMED, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies published in the last 5 years in Spanish and English were included, excluding review articles. Results: 22 articles were included, of which 73% used clinical simulation, 14% flipped classroom, 5% concept maps, 5% TBL, and 5% peer teaching. The results showed significant improvements in academic performance and student satisfaction. Additionally, emerging categories such as clinical skills, participation, anxiety reduction, and interprofessional work were identified. Conclusion: clinical simulation is the most widely used active learning methodology; this learning improves academic performance and student satisfaction. It also fosters other areas such as participation, development of clinical skills, and interprofessional work. However, more research specifically focused on obstetrics is needed, as the current literature is mostly centered on other healthcare professionals.
PERCEPTION OF OBSTETRICS AND CHILDCARE STUDENTS ON THE VIRTUAL TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities to adopt virtual learning to ensure the continuity of the teaching-learning process. The School of Obstetrics and Midwifery implemented and adapted various digital tools to ensure curricular progress. Objective: To describe the perception of students from the School of Obstetrics and Midwifery, Reñaca campus, University of Valparaíso, regarding the virtual teaching-learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic, academic year 2020. Material and Method: A qualitative, phenomenological, and descriptive study. Virtual semi-structured interviews were conducted with four students, following the signing of informed consent. The information was analyzed using predefined categories and validated by the informants themselves and the theoretical framework. Results: Participants indicated that learning outcomes were not fully achieved due to low motivation, a lack of preparation for active autonomy, and the theoretical-practical nature of the program, which requires in-person attendance. A high academic overload was perceived, although virtual learning allowed the continuity of the educational process. Conclusions: This first approach to virtual teaching-learning was valued as an ambivalent experience. Students identified both virtues and shortcomings of the process. This study provides relevant insights to guide improvements in the implementation of virtual modalities, highlighting the need for further research to strengthen the teaching-learning process in virtual contexts.