Palabras clave
Estrés Laboral
Adaptación Psicológica
Autocuidado
Inteligencia Emocional
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivo:
Analizar la evidencia sobre estrategias de afrontamiento emocional en trabajadores de la salud y su relación con estrés, burnout y prácticas de autocuidado e intercuidado, con énfasis en matronería.
Método:
Revisión narrativa con búsqueda bibliográfica sistematizada en Scopus, PubMed, SciELO y Google Académico (2019–2025; español, inglés y portugués). La selección se documentó mediante un flujo tipo PRISMA para favorecer transparencia.
Resultados:
Se incluyeron 45 estudios, mayoritariamente cuantitativos y en contextos hospitalarios. En conjunto, los estudios reportan que el afrontamiento activo, la inteligencia emocional y las intervenciones grupales estructuradas, especialmente basadas en mindfulness, se relacionan con menor estrés percibido y mejor bienestar psicológico; los hallazgos sobre burnout fueron heterogéneos. La evidencia específica en matronería fue limitada.
Conclusiones:
Las estrategias de afrontamiento emocional son relevantes para el bienestar de los trabajadores de la salud. Se requieren investigaciones en matronería y evaluaciones multicomponente que integren intervenciones individuales, grupales y organizacionales.
Referencias
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Derechos de autor 2026 Matrón Jorge A. Devia Castro, Martina Retamal Inostroza, Alexandra Espinoza Andino, Paulina Castillo del Rio, Nataly Ortega Troncoso, Vanessa Darlas Muñoz